Gun Control And The Rights Of A Free State - 1195 Words

Cameron Rose Mrs. Rose P.5 Gun Control, Research Paper 25 February 2016 â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† (Bill of Rights, 1791). As said by our founding fathers, over two centuries ago, the right to own guns will not be taken away. However recently, there has been a push for a ban on guns, due to the increase in school shootings, homicides, and suicides over the years. Because of this incorrect use of firearms, quite a few people believe guns are just too dangerous for us to control. Although many believe gun control is a necessary safety precaution, I believe a ban on guns would increase crime rates, prevent protection of one s self, and go against the basic American citizens’ right. Gun control is a set of laws that control how guns are sold, used, and who can use them. Since the 1700s guns have had a huge impact on the American culture. They are constantly in the media, our daily lives, and even in our history books. According to the United States constitution, â€Å"the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.† In 2007, it was estimated that there are, globally, about 875 million small arms distributed among civilians, law enforcement, and armed forces. Of these firearms, 650 million, or 75%, are held by civilians. U.S. Civilians count for 270 million of this total (Wikipedia). The argument for and against gun control is a heated debateShow MoreRelatedGun Control And The Rights Of A Free State1149 Words   |  5 PagesGun Control Multiple news outlets reported the same number over and over. 74. This is the general estimated number of mass school shootings that have occurred since the massacre at Newton’s Sandyhook Elementary School on December 14, 2012. The Newton massacre once again had a nation grieving for loss of innocent lives in such tragic ways and once again the issue of gun control went to the front of the nation’s agenda. American history shows a fascination with gunfighters and the Old West mentalityRead MoreGun Control And The Rights Of A Free State1632 Words   |  7 Pages A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. (The Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution). As Americans we are afforded certain rights that are upheld by the United States constitution, and many citizens believe these rights to be part of our nation’s heritage, or the â€Å"birthright† as Americans. Conversely there are those which are opposed to some of these â€Å"birthrights† which were added toRead MoreGun Control And The Rights Of A Free State1462 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed,† many will recognize this as the 2nd second, however, few will know the tr ue purpose for why it was written. The intent of the amendment was to allow the general populace to own personal firearms without restriction, so that, in the case of a government takeover or attack on their well being, they would be able to defend themselves. Regrettably, this hasRead MoreThe Debate Over Gun Control1210 Words   |  5 Pagesnot be involved in gun control. The second amendment to the United state s constitution says A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed. Is this not enough can the bill of rights say this anymore clear. Many might state that the way this statement is worded is the point of debate and it should be interpreted differently. This is the root of all the hot debate over gun control. Does the constitutionRead MoreGun Control Is Not The Solution982 Words   |  4 PagesFurther Gun Control is not the Solution Lately, as a nation, it seems that we can’t progress more than a month without hearing an incident on national news concerning a shooting. Every shooting that occurs is gaining the national media spotlight. This is prompting leaders and politicians around the country to call for further gun control to answer this current epidemic. Creating new gun laws is not the solution. This only creates extra problems with law-abiding citizens obtaining a firearm and infringingRead MoreGun Control : Argumentative Essay Essay1702 Words   |  7 Pages100 3 November, 2014 Gun Control: Argumentative Essay The gun control debate is a good example that justifies the common known mantra that history will always repeat itself. Gun control is a regulation put forward with an aim of managing the purchase and ownership of firearms with the main aim being to reduce the criminal and unsafe use of firearms. The gun control measures involve strategies such as registration of firearms aimed at restricting the ownership of guns by people proved to beRead MoreDefining New Gun Laws Are Not The Answer996 Words   |  4 Pagesis prompting leaders and politicians around the country to call for further gun control to answer this current epidemic. Creating new gun laws are not the answer. This only creates extra problems with law-abiding citizens obtaining a firearm and infringing on their second amendment right of the United States Constitution, which states: â€Å"a well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† The second amendmentRead MoreThe Problem Of Gun Violence1678 Words   |  7 Pagesthink. The media is trying to push gun control on anyone that will tune in or read it. The media will all say the same thing, and the problem is gun violence. What if one removes the word gun from gun violence, that still leaves violence. Before one can decide which side to support, the information should be completely researched for important, specific information about how America will be affected, and what the cost are for the people protecting their rights. In 1776, Americans feared excessiveRead MoreGun Control Is The Government Regulation Of The Sale And Ownership Of Firearms1660 Words   |  7 Pages3 DC Gun Control Gun control is the â€Å"government regulation of the sale and ownership of firearms.† (Dictionary.com). In D.C., handguns, rifles, shotguns, and revolvers may be registered. Sawed-off shotguns, machine guns, short barreled rifles, unsafe handguns, assault weapons, and .50 caliber rifles are all prohibited in D.C., meaning that there is no possible way to own them. (DC.gov, 2014). A single person may only register one handgun every 30 days unless the gun was owned in another state. CommonlyRead MoreGun Control And The United States889 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is a big thing in the world today. Many Americans want it but also many don’t. There are both good reasoning’s and there are bad reasoning’s. Gun control is for our own safety but can also take our safe feelings away by knowing we won’t have a gun in hand to protect us in a real time of need. The second Amendment is commonly used when trying to set up the restrictions and rules of thes e gun control laws. There are a lot of regulations being set up and still are being made to â€Å"keep us

Achilles and Odyssey Compare and Contrast Essay - 1625 Words

Larger-Than-Life Heroes: Achilles and Odysseus What are the main characteristics of a larger-than-life epic hero? An epic hero is a brave and powerful warrior who is motivated to fight both internal and external conflicts to achieve glory and ranks above a normal man. In Homer’s epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey, Achilles and Odysseus are the well-known heroes. Achilles fights Hektor outside the walls of Troy because Hektor killed his best friend, Patroclus. After fighting in the Trojan War, Odysseus takes on a journey to return back to Ithaca to see his wife, Penelope, and his son, Telemachus. Through his use of tone, figurative language, mood, and imagery, Homer’s epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey show how Achilles and†¦show more content†¦5. 168-169). Odysseus is depressed because he wants to return to his home in Ithaca and see his wife, Penelope, and son, Telemachus, after fighting in the Trojan War. He feels as if his life is transitioning from sweet to bitter. Homer uses imagery to show how Odysseus is crying for his homeland, Ithaca. It creates a depressing mood for the reader because all Odysseus wants is to see his family and return home after a tiresome war, but has failed. The metaphor of Achilles’ sweet life flowing away demonstrates how his lamentations are characterizing him as homesick and how he might not make it through his journey. Achilles struggles with not having a prize while Agamemnon struggles with not sleeping in his own bed for an extensive time. The difference between the internal conflicts is that Achilles cannot fight in war because Briseis is not with him while Odysseus cannot return home and reunite with his family after fighting in the war. Although they both have concerns for their loved ones, Achilles and Odysseus must set them aside and fight their enemies first. Achilles and Odysseus are both epic heroes because they face their external conflicts or struggles with the world and fight as strong warriors. First, Achilles stabbed Hektor in the neck and then â€Å"†¦had in mind for Hektor’s body outrage and shame. Behind both feet he pierced the tendons, heel to ankle. Rawhide cords he drew through both and lashed them to hisShow MoreRelatedComparison Between The Odyssey And The Iliad1068 Words   |  5 Pages In the novel The Odyssey, the author Homer describes an outcry against death; whereas in the Iliad death is portrayed as an accomplishment., Both were in the times that is also known as Before Common Era, or BCE. It is known that Iliad begins 10 years before the great Seige of Troy and eventually the odyssey had begun a couple years after that(Classical Lit). When Homer had written these novels it is clear that they have numerous lines, and Homer had written both. In the novel The IliadRead MoreIliad - Self image1193 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Iliad Essay Prompt 1. Complete one take home essay. Provide textual evidence, specific lines and incidents from The Iliad that proves your thesis. You may also draw from The Odyssey. Use in text parenthetical documentation according to MLA standards. The style guide that many colleges use is DianaHacker.com. We will use this style guide for both MLA format and grammar and mechanics. If you have any questions about MLA format, refer to DianaHacker.com. This paper needs to read asRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pagesfor making copies; this painting is a copy of the original  [syn: original] 12. atmosphere- the dominant mood or emotional tone of a work of art, as of a play or novel: the chilly atmosphere of a ghost story. 13. antithesis- opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction. *Extremism in defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. Barry Goldwater *Brutus: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more

Jenifer Cantor Nurse

Question: a) You read about several different cases involving surrogacy. I want you to provide short summaries of 3 of these cases. Summarize the case involving Jennifer Cantor. Next summarize the case involving Dawne Dill. Last, summarize the case involving Cathy Hilling. b) We discussed two different kinds of surrogacy in Week Two. Explain this distinction. Next explain the sort of surrogacy in the case with Jennifer Cantor. Be sure to provide textual evidence to support your view. c) One worry we discussed in our readings on surrogacy involves the worry that surrogacy encourages women to develop a detachment from their babies and this is bad. Summarize this concern. In the Newsweek/Daily Beast article, the sort of issue comes up when the cases of Gernisha Myers and Stephanie Scott are discussed. As such, I want you to summarize the cases involving Gernisha Myers and Stephanie Scott. End by offering your thoughts on the strength of this concern with surrogacy. d) Explain why some people obje ct to surrogacy on the grounds that it leads to the exploitation of women, particularly the poor. This issue is touched on in the New York Times article. Given how surrogacy is currently practiced in the United States, and based what is said in the New York Times article, are poor women exploited as surrogates in the United States? e) At one point in the New York Times article, it mentions a Roman Catholic priest who points out that the Church frowns upon babies produced through surrogacy. However, the New York Times article does not go into much detail explaining the reasons why the priest frowned upon this. Using our readings from Week Two, elaborate on the reasons why the Roman Catholic priest frowned upon surrogacy. The author of the New York Times article, Alex Kuczynski, who is the woman who hired the surrogate Cathy Hilling, makes a short response to the priest. What is her response? Do you think that her response is good? Why or why not? f) One of the major issues in terms o f the moral permissibility of surrogacy involves the issue of whether it involves baby-selling. Using our readings from Week Two, explain both sides of this issue in the case with Jennifer Cantor. Why might someone think that there was no baby-selling involved in the cases with Jennifer Cantor? And explain why someone might think that there was baby-selling involved in the cases with Jennifer Cantor? End by saying if you think baby-selling is or is not involved in surrogacy in the case with Jennifer Cantor. g) End by offering up your own thoughts on the issue of surrogacy. Do you think it is morally permissible or not? Answer: 1. a) Jenifer Cantor is a surgiocgal nurse of Huntsvile, Ala. She is 34 years old and she wants to be pregnant. She has a daughter named Dahlia, 8 yerars old, and has no plan for another child. She had a contract with Kerry Smith and his wife Lisa about her surrogacy. Lisa had hysterectomy at 20-year-old age, therefore could not get a child. On March 20, 2008, Jenifer gave birth to two healthy 6 pound boys, named Ethan and Jonathan. She was paid $20,000 to $25,000. Dane Dill is a 32 year old woman with two sons, English teacher and married to Travis. She is now carrying a surrogate twin for anonymous European couple and the couple. One of the child of Dill is autistic and that is the reason she wants the money, for opening a gym for her son (Kuczynski, 2015). In the case of Cathy Hilling, she was pregnant and gave birth to the child on May 11. She had three healthy children and her husband Mick, who was the vice president of a credit union. Cathy delivered a boy in New jersey last year. The money was needed for helping her sons in college (Kuczynski, 2015). 1. b) There are two types of surrogacy, the genetic surrogacy and gestational surrogacy (Alghrani, 2012). The genetic surrogacy involves the use of one egg from the surrogate and the child have genetic relation with the surrogate, whereas in gestational surrogacy, surrogate does not have relation with child, no egg is used from surrogate. Jenifer Cantor had a surrogacy of gestational type, as no egg was used from her, and the child was not genetically similar to her. 1. c) Surrogacy influences a woman to be detached from the baby. In the case of Gernisha Myers, she was carrying the child of Karin and Lars, when asked about the attachment with the baby, she only said that, she know the baby is not her and she only feels like baby sitter, rather than a mother (com, 2015). In the case of Stephanie Scott, she was deeply attached with the baby, as after birth of the child, she was unable to look at the child, and felt wired, though she was aware of these issues by agency (Newsweek.com, 2015). The agencies tells about the issues regarding the surrogacy contract, but as the mother and child relation is the most beautiful relation in world, detachment with the baby hampers the mental status of the surrogate (Deonandan, Green Van, 2012). 1. d) Surrogacy is becoming an exploitation of specifically poor woman. This is because it is seen in study of Parks (2010) that, poor needy women are exploited by provision of less fee with more labor, which is unethical. Therefore, the third world country people are in danger to be exploited in this issue. 1. e) The Roman Catholic priest frowned upon surrogacy because, the procedure is unacceptable to roman catholic and natural law of consideration, that replaces the natural process of marital intercourse, involving a third party, which is surrogacy (Stearns, 2012). Alex responded shortly to the priest, he misguided her, but she thought child is a gift from god, and surrogacy brought her child, so this is not unethical practice. 1. f) Baby selling issue should be took in concern, it is not permissible, because some people thinks this is a baby selling process for getting money (Jadva et al. 2012). In Jennifer Cantor case, she was not as much attached with the child, and belonged from a well family, and the couple hired her treated good with her after delivery, so baby selling was not involved in this case.g) Learner thinks surrogacy is morally permissible if operated with ethical consideration, as it can bring happiness to an unfertile couple, and sometimes might help a needy woman (Chervenak McCullough, 2011). However, the misuse and exploitation of woman for money is a major topic for dilemma.From the viewpoint of Noonan, it is seen that, he thinks a fetus, after the third trimester have the right to live, and he supports the morale of personhood, which is being subjected to the argument. However, as being a person, fetus has the right to live, however, only if mothers life is at risk, abortion can be per missible, because in that case, it act as self-defense. On the other hand, Thomson thinks that, fetus has a right to live, while it is considered as a person, but for self-defense, it can be aborted. He explained her argument with three analogies, first, child growing in a house, supporting abortion for self-defense of mother, second, people seed analogy and the third one is Volinist analogy, supporting the fact of contraception failure and rape cases. In this cases, abortion cases are valid as it is against ones wish. Abortion is permissible in the cases of rape or risk of mothers, because it is related to human ethics and norms of society, but in contraception failure cases, abortion should not be permissible, in this case mother is previously known to the effects of sexual relationship, and a fetus having the right of life cannot be aborted only for one does not want to have it. Therefore, view of Thomson is stronger (Bailey, 2012). 1. b) In case 1, some babies having club feet, cleft lips and webbed fingers were aborted in England, which became a major public concern in 2003, when Jonna Jepson challenged Wst Merica police for not taking steps against doctors who did abortions, challenge failed. A question rose against the law, supporting rejection of fetus having minor disabilities. Club feet is a condition foot when sole is not placed in flat ground. It is a condition having cleft on lips, includes feeding problem, opening of mouth is in nose. The case 3 discusses the chances of abortion after knowing the fetus having Down syndrome. Sarah is an eleven years old girl having down syndrome and took [art in the campaign of hospital. The presidents supported their survival. Doctors recommend different tests for parents choice. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder, having third copy of 21 chromosomes, generally has mental disorders. Marquis view suggests that, the view fetus having FLO, killing a fetus is wrong, as the fetus is deprived of future value (Kaczor, 2011). One can use Marquis view that a fetus has FLO, that is why it should not be killed, which supports that abortion is not permissible, on the other hand, Marquis view for pro-choice, is if an woman is forced to be pregnant, and in first stage of pregnancy, fetus is not feeling pain, so, abortion is ok. Finally, Marquis position, abortion is not ok in these cases. 1. c) From the article, it is seen that, a woman becoming pregnant at college age, gets no support from education or social background, she is suggested to go through abortion. Educational system bears for abortion, but not for giving birth to her child. Forster think abortion is a rarely free choice because most of the time woman are forced to be aborted, because of lack of support, society thinks the baby can ruin her life, she have to sacrifice educational, personal and professional life for the baby (Merino, 2012). Foster claimed, abortion have the ability to harm an woman by introducing infertility, breast cancer, further miscarriages and death also. It also affects the mental status of an woman. One should listen to a woman for reason of abortion, and then with a framework one should attempt to eliminate the major cause of abortion. Women should be engaged in education, technology, health care or business. Pregnancy care centers should highlight life-affirming choices (Karnein, 2012). References Alghrani, A. (2012). Surrogacy: 'A Cautionary Tale': Re T (a child) (surrogacy: residence order) (Fam). Medical Law Review, 20(4), 631-641. doi:10.1093/medlaw/fws032 Bailey, J. (2012).Abortion. New York: Rosen Central. Chervenak, F., McCullough, L. (2011). Respect for the autonomy of the pregnant woman in surrogacy agreements: An elaboration of a fundamental ethical concern. Women's Health Issues, 1(3), 143-144. doi:10.1016/s1049-3867(05)80119-7 Deonandan, R., Green, S., van Beinum, A. (2012). Ethical concerns for maternal surrogacy and reproductive tourism. Journal Of Medical Ethics, 38(12), 742-745. doi:10.1136/medethics-2012-100551 Jadva, V., Blake, L., Casey, P., Golombok, S. (2012). Surrogacy families 10 years on: relationship with the surrogate, decisions over disclosure and children's understanding of their surrogacy origins. Human Reproduction, 27(10), 3008-3014. doi:10.1093/humrep/des273 Kaczor, C.(2011).The ethics of abortion. Karnein, A. (2012).A theory of unborn life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kuczynski, A. (2015). Her Body, My Baby ae My Adventures With a Surrogate Mom. Nytimes.com. Retrieved 11 September 2015, from https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/magazine/30Surrogate-t.html?__r=0 Merino, N. (2012).Abortion. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Newsweek.com. (2015). Retrieved 11 September 2015, from https://www.newsweek.com/curious-lives-surrogates-84469 Parks, J. (2010). Care Ethics And The Global Practice Of Commercial SURROGACY. Bioethics, 24(7), 333-340. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2010.01831.x Stearns, C. (2012). The Social Relations of Surrogacy. Symbolic Interaction, 35(1), 101-103. doi:10.1002/symb.8

The Concept of String Theory

String theory is a concept developed by physicists trying to explain the fundamental nature of matter and space. The concept has various interpretations, but has the ability to explain the phenomenon of existence. Since the most fundamental particles do not exhibit the properties of matter that bigger objects have, some scientists consider them non-dimensional (Van Proeyen 12).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of String Theory specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means they do not have width, length or depth. General relativity holds that all matter and space exists in four dimensions. Depth, width, and length of all matter and space exist through time (Kane 46). This means that time is the fourth dimension. Distortion of time results in distortion of the other three dimensions, which are the dimensions of space. This is quite different from Newtonian physics, which does not consider time a dimension. However, practical science is based on Newtonian physics. Although the theories of relativity are not applicable in practical science to a satisfactory extent, they are accepted as the true explanations of the phenomenon of existence (Zwiebach 16). The effort to understand the seemingly dimensionless nature of fundamental particles and the four dimensional nature of matter and space in one theory has led to development of string theory. According to string theory, there are other more fundamental dimensions contained in the four dimensions of physical existence that are normally experienced. The additional dimensions add to the four known dimensions to make eleven-dimensional world (Van Proeyen 41). Compression of these dimensions into the fabric of universal existence makes them undetectable by any physical means. However, several mathematical models have been used to prove their existence and the nature of their interaction. The string theory explains the manner in which the one- dimensional basic particles interact to result into a four dimensional existence. Matter, space, and time are a yield of this interaction. Fundamental particles are made up of one-dimensional strings, which interact with unidirectional membranes to create a particle (Zwiebach 18). Gravitational force, a phenomenon that has not yet been understood by scientists is explained as a product of string interaction. Scientists have already developed a mathematical form for gravity. The wave nature of matter is a part of the theory explaining how the fundamental particles exist. One certain kind of wave motion is responsible for all behaviors of matter and space. The string theory is the only theory that offers a single explanation to the nature of matter and space. However, since the theory proposes the existence of dimensions that cannot be physically assessed, it is not possible to test its integrity.Advertising Looking for essay on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other challenging theories have endured criticism to emerge as possible alternatives to the string theory since they can be tested, and have an observable fundamental constant. Advocates of the string theory believe that a universal constant exists within the string theory, but a mathematical proof has not been developed yet (Zwiebach 22). This constant and a testing mechanism for the string theory are the only remaining constituents that can establish the theory as a proven fact. The nine-dimensional vibration of each string is unique and yields the properties of fundamental particles. The ends of a single cosmic string are joined such that an indefinite loop is formed. Forces of interaction attract the string towards the centre of the loop (Van Proeyen 45). This action is responsible for the appearance of fundamental particles as singular points with no dimensions at all. The dimensions of the physical world are fixed in certain d irections according to Newtonian physics. In string theory, dimensions are mathematical representations with no directional properties of the three spatial dimensions. Moreover, these dimensions are compressed into a manifold such that they are not testable by any physical means (Zwiebach 30). This is attributed to the infinitesimal distances that represent the particular dimensions. Since mathematics is largely based on spatial dimensions, there is no method to test the presence of cosmic strings within the current mathematical scope. Several propositions assume that the invisible dimensions are responsible for the unexplained forces that are observed in nature. Electromagnetic wave is assumed to be made up of a certain combinations of the dimensions. Gravity, a force whose presence is established by empirical evidence only, is also considered a product of the additional dimensions (Van Proeyen 15). This is why gravitational force and its characteristics such as inertia do not seem to emanate from any one physical location. The string theory presents a single explanation for existence of all matter and space. Through the string theory, it is possible to understand the relation between space and time. The relative relationship that makes time similar to space can be understood through string theory. The small dimensions of the strings make it impossible to investigate the pattern in which they are woven together (Van Proeyen 7). If a definite pattern in which the strings are woven is identified, it is possible to understand the construction of forces and the difference between various forces. However, the ability to understand the fundamental constituents of time and force can discredit all conventional physics, as it is understood today (Zwiebach 74). Such knowledge could also result in breakdown of phenomena such as the construction of time towards the future.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of String Theory specifically fo r you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Kane, G. L.. Perspectives on supersymmetry II. Singapore: World Scientific, 2010. Print. Van Proeyen, Antoine. â€Å"A First Course in String Theory.† Intensive Theoretical Studies 5.3 (2008): 5-60. Print. Zwiebach, Barton. A first course in string theory. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Print. This essay on The Concept of String Theory was written and submitted by user Andrew Marks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fall Back On Fitness Essays - Physical Exercise, Self Care, Holiday

Fall Back On Fitness Essays - Physical Exercise, Self Care, Holiday Fall Back On Fitness Fall Back On Fitness As we head into the cooler autumn months, we undoubtedly expect that the upcoming holiday seasons surrounding Thanksgiving, Halloween, and (yes, already) Christmas will lead to our spending more and more time indulging and less and less time keeping ourselves healthy and fit. This doesnt have to be the case. We are not bears, and regardless of what one may think, we do not need to store up extra fat so that we may hibernate for the winter! Awareness of the potential pitfalls of the holiday season can prevent the pounds from sneaking up on you. Treat yourself to an early gift by purchasing a journal in which you can keep a daily record of your eating, exercise and stress behaviours. Keep an eye on your journal entries so that youll notice your less than healthy behaviours and make changes before you get overwhelmed. One suggestion is to weigh yourself once a week during the holiday season. One study of weight loss over a 50-week period found that some study participants gained 500 percent more weight per week during holiday weeks as compared to non-holiday weeks. But the good news: Participants who consistently monitored and recorded their own behaviours were able to lose weight during the holidays. (Published in Health Psychology, July 1998.) The next suggestion is to remember that your body needs movement more than ever during the holiday season. Exercise releases tension, expends the calories of those holiday goodies, increases your energy levels so you can shop til you drop, elevates your mood so you can combat holiday-related depression and be the life of the party, and gives you the gift of time for yourself. Here are some great ways to fit exercise into the busy fall season: Exercise first thing in the morning before you begin your busy day. Try to plan holiday activities around family and friends, instead of around food. Tell family and friends to bring walking shoes and comfortable clothes to your celebration. Then take a 30-minute walk together. You can do it in shifts so someone's always basting the turkey! Get into a routine now, before the holidays strike! Those who have previously developed a solid exercise habit will make the time to exercise even when they feel like they are too busy to find the time.

Top 5 Worst Sources to Find Professional Writers for Hire

Top 5 Worst Sources to Find Professional Writers for Hire Top 5 Worst Sources to Find Professional Writers for Hire When it comes to dealing with academic papers, students often search for professional writers for hire to help them cope with their assignments. The first thing that they pay attention to is the price, and it becomes their biggest problem. While it is possible to find a good writer for a low cost, you have to search for them thoroughly. There are many questionable sources that would be happy to take your money and give you a plagiarized paper (or nothing!) in return. Watch out for the following 5 worst sources to find professional writers for hire. 1. Social Networks Don’t look for writers on social networks. Writers promoting themselves on social media are less likely to be reliable. While you may be able to read â€Å"reviews,† these can easily be fabricated by friends of the self-proclaimed writer or by fake social media accounts that the writer has created him/herself. It is quite tempting to hire an ‘experienced’ writer while you’re browsing Facebook, but the moments you save will pale in comparison to the headache of getting back a poor quality paper. 2. Forums Don’t hire a writer from an unreliable forum. If you can’t read reviews about writers’ previous works, if they demand full payment in advance, or if they refuse to provide you with a formal contract, then you risk to throw away your money for nothing. Instead, look on platforms that provide you with a resume for each writer, reviews from their past clients, and a guarantee that you’ll be satisfied with their work before you pay them. 3. Friends of the Friends Don’t hire a writer who’s been recommended by a friend (or worse, by a friend of a friend). Every person is happy to speak well of their friends, but they may not be really good at the kind of writing you are looking for. This creates a doubly awkward situation. First, you will feel bitterly toward the friend who gave you a poor recommendation, and then, you will have a poor quality paper that you spent good money on, but can’t turn in. It is uncomfortable for everyone involved. 4. Suspicious Websites Don’t hire a writer from a reputable platform who’s sent you a generic application. If you’ve found a reputable website to hire a writer, but then they have sent you an impersonal application, they may not be as well suited to write your paper as you might hope. What you want to see is a personal note that indicates that they understand the requirements of your paper and have experience with writing such type of paper in the past. If you get a generic application from an otherwise promising profile, considering sending them a follow-up message to get samples of their work. 5. Job Board Don’t hire a writer from Craigslist or another local job board. Professional writers have their own website, or at the very least, their own profile on a reputable marketplace for clients to match with writers. If a writer is posting on Craigslist, they may be desperate for money as well as too happy to make false claims about their abilities. It’s a great place to get a used bike or kitchen table, but the worst place to find a trusted ally in getting your writing assignments completed. Be aware of all the traps that you can get into. Do not allow the self-proclaimed writers spoil your grades as well as your reputation. Seek for reliable sources to hire truly professional writers for your pieces.

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 15

Accounting - Essay Example In the temporal method, accounts and cash receivables are the main and only assets changed in the current exchange rate. Longer term debt and accounts payable are also changed at the current exchange rate. Due to the reasons that polish zloty liability amounts change at exchange rate surpasses the zloty asset amounts changed in the exchange rate, there is an existence of a net liability exposure. Measurement loss in the third of part 1 increases due to two reasons: there a net asset exposure in the balance sheet and depreciation of the polish zloty against U.S dollar in the second year. Account and receivables accounts are the main assets changed at the exchange rate. As there is no longer term debt in this part, the only liability changed at the exchange rate is accounts payable. As the polish zloty assets amount changed at the exchange rate surpasses polish zloty liability amount changed at the exchange rate, there exists an exposure of net asset in the balance

Media and Education Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media and Education - Personal Statement Example This report declares that there are diverse ways in which students at the college level can be able to practice serious reflections. Students should practice reflection by not utilizing internet while carrying out their assignments. They should learn to reflect on what they had learned during their class time and apply in their assignments. Assignment being part of the learning process should be given after a lecturer has tackled the topic. This will enable students think and reflect what they have been taught, and handle their tasks well. Use of technological devices such as calculator should be avoided and enable the students to reflect, think critically on tasks, and tackle them effectively. Simulation mode of study should be employed in colleges; these modes of study allow the student to apply what they had acquired during classroom and apply in an environment similar to the actual environment. This paper makes a conclusion that technology has rendered communities incapable to think and reflect rationally. Technology has come up with ways of doing things in shortcut and does not pose a challenge to individuals. Student are the ones affected most, with the presence of internet and communication system, it leads in students utilization of technology more than carrying out tasks on their own. For instances, mathematics are calculated using calculator instead of a student to think critically and reflects on what they were taught in class. Technology also has harbored individual’s creativity as most of the activities are carried through internet.

Elements of Reading Essay Example for Free

Elements of Reading Essay Reading is the process of making sense from print; comprehension is the goal of all reading. Comprehension is constructed by the reader, so no one understanding will match another’s, but how readers apply strategies as they process text influences the depth of understanding. There are four elements of reading: word identification, fluency, comprehension, vocabulary. We will begin with word identification, since it is the foundation of the reading process. Word Identification  Several terms are associated with the identification of words: word attack, word analysis, word recognition, decoding. These are often used interchangeably and suggest the act of translating print into speech through the analysis of letter-sound relationships. Each term is connected with what is commonly called â€Å"phonics†Ã¢â‚¬â€a tool to analyze or attack words—which focuses attention on words parts and builds on phonemic awareness. â€Å"Word recognition† suggests a process of immediate word identification i. e. words retrieved from memory. It includes the concept of sight words (or sight vocabulary) and suggests a reader’s ability to recognize words rapidly/automatically by making an association between a particular spelling/pronunciation/meaning by applying an internalized knowledge of letter-sound relationships. Word recognition together with word attack skills leads to word identification. Many children develop knowledge about print before entering school through purely visual cues. These children enter first grade fully ready to analyze words, but others do not. They rely on your explicitly-planned lessons. Ehri’s study (as cited in Vacca, Vacca, Gove, Burkey, Lenhart, McKeon, 2003) claimed that there were developmental phases in word identification, whose characteristics could be readily identified, as children progressed. †¢The pre-alphabetic stage includes visual clues, such as those found on cereal boxes, traffic signs, and restaurant logos (stop sign, Burger King, KFC, McDonald’s). †¢The partial alphabetic stage, emerging during kindergarten and grade 1, includes some knowledge about letter-sound relationships (â€Å"S† looks and sounds like â€Å"Sammy, the snake†). †¢The full alphabetic stage includes enough knowledge about segmenting sounds (/c-l-o-ck/) to unlock the pronunciation of unknown words. †¢The consolidated alphabetic stage includes the ability to analyze multisyllabic words, using onsets and rimes. Fluency Fluency is the ability to read text in a normal speaking voice with normal intonation (the rise and fall of the human voice) and inflection (the pitch, stress and pauses). In the context of literacy, one is â€Å"fluent,† who can read with expression and comprehension. Students who are fluent have automaticity. They do not devote attention to decoding, but focus on the construction of meaning. Problems in fluency are a major contributing factor to students’ lagging achievement. They often arise due to the lack of early contact with literacy or diverse linguistic background. Repetition is key to increasing fluency. A mixture of six methods helps to increase fluency. †¢Predictable text: Children can rely on their intuitive knowledge of language and sense to read with less and less assistance. Ex. Max’s Pet †¢Repeated readings: Children can practice reading aloud alone, with a classmate or parents, and to the principal. †¢Automated reading: Children can listen and read along with a tape, a CD, or a computer program. They can also record themselves, listen, and repeat until fluent. †¢Choral reading: Children need to hear mature readers with expression. The oral reading of poetry with various voice combinations builds on a natural interest in rhythms and highlights the beauty of tonal qualities in spoken English. In choral reading, all fluency levels can participate in unison, take parts, or read refrains without embarrassment. †¢Readers’ Theater: This oral presentation of drama, prose or poetry involves children of all ages reading literature to audiences of children. With a few props, perhaps, but no costumes and no memorized lines, the emphasis is on what the audience hears. †¢Sustained Silent Reading (SSR): Classes and sometimes entire schools establish a daily, fixed time period for silent reading of self-selected material. Teachers also read, and there are no content-related questions asked. Stories (or a copy of them) can be sent home for rereading, after students have become very familiar with them by rereading during class. The goal is to increase the â€Å"pleasure principle† and enable children to become lifelong readers. Comprehension To understand text, a reader actively searches for meaning and responds to text as s/he decodes. Readers learn to monitor their own comprehension through metacognition. The dimensions of active reading comprehension involve specific questioning skills that require readers to â€Å"grapple with text† in order to organize their background knowledge, clarify ideas and support opinion. †¢Question/Answer Strategy †¢Ask questions that elicit questions in return. Such questions stimulate interest/arouse curiosity; they draw students into the story. Ex. Not â€Å"What is this picture about? † but â€Å"What would you like to know about this picture? † †¢Question/Author Strategy †¢Students engage in dialog with the author: What is the author trying to say? What does the author mean? Is x consistent with what the author told us before? †¢Think-Aloud Strategy †¢Teachers model the think-aloud process initially in order to help students learn to make inferences, using clues from the text and background knowledge to make logical guesses about meaning. K-W-L (What do I Know? What do I Want to learn? What I Learned) is one kind of graphic organizer, which is a visual to help students summarize and organize expository information. Building an awareness of underlying story structure enables students to organize information from narratives, so that they can better anticipate and make sense of what they read! †¢Simple structure: †¢Setting (Where? When? ) †¢Characters (Who? ) †¢Plot (Problem for which characters take action) †¢Complex structure: †¢Setting (Maybe more than one) †¢Characters †¢Plot (Two or more episodes with a chain of events; flashbacks, sometimes! ) Organizers are available commercially, but most teachers have a collection they may be happy to share. Vocabulary English has the largest vocabulary in the world: 600,000one million words. Students learn about 88,000 words by ninth grade in order to process text. It’s been estimated that children learn about three-four thousand words per year, which averages 16-22 words per day. Do we teach every single word? No; students acquire vocabulary on their own through usage, not via systematic instruction. What are words? They are labels for concepts, mental images of something. Ex. The word â€Å"picnic† will call to mind different ideas for everyone. We organize concepts into hierarchies by common features or similar criteria in order to make sense of complexity in our environment. Ex. The concept of â€Å"dog† has common characteristics, despite different breeds and behaviors. We have five vocabularies: listening, speaking, writing, reading, and body-language. The listening vocabulary develops first and is the largest until middle school, when the reading vocabulary becomes and ultimately remains the largest vocabulary. Our job as teachers is to promote students’ conceptual understanding of key vocabulary words, because learning words and expanding vocabulary has a strong influence on comprehension. What is the best means to teach vocabulary? Through multiple, varied encounters with words. Six principles to guide vocabulary instruction include featuring key words: †¢that convey major ideas in literature and content areas; †¢in relation to other words to develop shades of meaning; †¢in relation to students’ background knowledge; †¢in pre- and post-reading activities; †¢taught systematically, in depth, and reinforced; †¢that interest you: telling stories about the origin and derivation of words helps to create student interest in words. We organize knowledge into conceptual hierarchies, and vocabulary study is a key factor.

What Title? Essay -- essays research papers

A Clockwork Orange : Chosen Evil vs. Forced Morality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What becomes of a man stripped of his free will? Does he continue to be a man, or does he cease? These are questions that Anthony Burgess tries to answer. Written in the middle of Burgess’ writing career, A Clockwork Orange was a reflection of a youth subculture of violence and terrorization that was beginning to emerge in the early 1960s. The novel follows Alex, a young hoodlum who is arrested for his violent acts towards the citizens of London. While incarcerated, Alex undergoes a technique in which his free will towards acts of a barbaric - or even harmless - nature is taken from him, then is forced to face the world once more as a machine-like creature. In A Clockwork Orange, Burgess explores the controversial idea of whether it is better to be forced into morality, or choose evil as a life path.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like most of Burgess’ other novels, A Clockwork Orange explores the conflicts between good and evil, the spirit and the flesh (Galens). The novel- a satire detailing the violent exploits of a futuristic gang - was published in 1962, and is narrated in Nadsat - a language pasted together from Russian and American slang - by fifteen year old Alex.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The original American edition of A Clockwork Orange came out without the last chapter. In the Americanized version, there were only twenty chapters, as opposed to the twenty-one - a number that signifies adulthood. This chapter was cut out due to the fact that the publisher thought it was too sentimental (Galens).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though Burgess says that A Clockwork Orange is neither his best nor his favorite book, the novel established Burgess’ international reputation. Stanley Kubrick contributed to his international fame, with a 1971 film adaptation of the novel. The film won Burgess numerous new readers. The film also secured the A Clockwork Orange as the most controversial novel in English literature (Galens).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before and after A Clockwork Orange was published, Burgess wrote steadily, publishing eleven novels between 1960 and 1964. He edited and published many more works, including novels, screen plays, autobiographies, critical studies, and an opera. None ever achieved the notoriety that A Clockwork Orange received (Galens).  ... ...ex â€Å"matures and begins to [grow] weary of his violent ways† (Galens).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the more fascinating aspects of â€Å"A Clockwork Orange† is the language that Burgess invents. Known as Nadsat, it is derived from British, Russian, and American slang, rhyming words, and Roma, or gypsy talk. The patterns and rhythms of Nadsat in A Clockwork Orange convey a sense of rhythm about to be destroyed (F).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Anthony Burgess Wilson was born in 1917. He was born in Manchester, England, to Joseph (a cashier and pub pianist) and Elizabeth (Burgess) Wilson (Galens). Both Bugess’ mother and sister died of the flu in 1919. He was raised by a maternal aunt, and later by his stepmother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once he went on to college, Burgess studied English at Xaverian college and Manchester University. He graduated with a degree in English language and literature (Galens).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During World War II, Burgess served in the Royal Army Medical Corps. â€Å"With World War II and the prospect of total annihilation†¦the fear that haunted the ivory towers of philosophers became a part of every living being.† (F). Unfinished?†¦

Changing Landscape of Health Care Essay

Unless you have been living on another planet somewhere, the changes in health care taking place in this country have become hard to ignore. With all the debate over recent health care reform, it is sometimes difficult to know who is right, and who is wrong. How can there be such a wide gap in opinion on â€Å"Obama care†? How are these reforms changing the landscape in health care, and how are we to survive these changes? To begin, let’s look at how all these changes began. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed in the senate on December 24, 2009. It passed in the house on March 21, 2010, and was signed into law by President Obama on March 23rd, 2010. It was then upheld in the Supreme Court on June 28, 2012, and the landscape of health care has been changing ever since. Few would argue that health care reform was needed, as the cost of health care had been out of control for some time in this country. However, many in the health industry feel that although the intent may have been honorable, the repercussions of reform-compliance is wreaking havoc in the health care industry and may lead to even further problems. The Trickledown Effect Most of the issues surrounding the changing landscape of health care are a direct result of health care reform. Changes in legislation have produced a trickledown effect, beginning with the small rural hospitals. For example, one such opinion is expressed by Dr. Scott Litten in a blog on the website Physicians Practice, where he states: While the intent of the ACA was good, the aftershocks [of the passage of The Affordable Care Act] are changing the very way we practice medicine. Small  hospitals in rural areas will be the first ones to enact changes. Reimbursements are not increasing and the new penalties that hospitals across the nation face for readmissions within 30 days, the decreasing numbers of actual admissions, and the increasing numbers of outpatient observation admissions are forcing all facilities to lay off personnel and decrease services provided. Coupling this with the fact that fewer patients are coming to doctor’s offices for services produces a very steep decline in revenue. (Litten, 2013). According to Dr. Litten, this decline in revenue is just the tip of the iceberg. Businesses are facing a similar problem. Insurance premiums are rising, forcing employers to pass this cost on to the employee, making it more expensive each time they receive health services. This in turn discourages trips to the doctor’s office, and the cycle is repeated. Contributing to this decline, Medicaid also has been slow to increases coverage, forcing many practices to no longer accept Medicaid patients. Dr. Litten believes the changes practices are facing have produced a perfect storm for our healthcare industry. And to top it all off, the sluggish economy is causing everyone to cut back on regular spending, which has a trickledown effect on medical practices and hospitals alike. He further sees no change in these effects in the near future, and believes physicians will continue to struggle with how to provide quality health care with less resources. The Wide Gap in Opinion Prior to the passage of the Affordable Care Act, most Americans would have agreed health care reform was needed in this country. However, the wide gap in opinion on whether â€Å"Obama care† is a good or bad thing seems to center on how this legislation may lead to an even greater problem: government controlled health care. One anonymous physician blogger put it this way: â€Å"The Affordable Care Act was nothing more than a huge power grab by the government, the Executive branch in particular. All of the resulting chaos is planned, which will ultimately force out private insurance and thereby establish a single payer system (government) with physicians becoming part of the public service union. When that comes to pass, I’ll retire or maybe set up a â€Å"boutique† practice working 2-3 hours/day; 2-3 days/week for the  patients who can afford it. My selfish concern is: who will be there to take care of me when I need it? Fortunately, I will be in a position to pay for a concierge doctor. Welcome to British style medicine. (Anonymous, 2013). Even advocates of â€Å"Obama care† express concern that nothing in it addressed malpractice costs and tort reform, economic price feedback loops, or increased responsibility on behalf of the consumer. Another blogger states â€Å"It, [The Affordable Care Act] means more people are eligible for subsidized coverage which will add to the long term deficit issues and healthcare costs unless other changes are made.† (Litten, 2013). These issues, along with others that may arise before full implementation of The Affordable Care Act are realized, will need to be addressed if we are indeed to be successful in attaining affordable health care for all Americans. Adapting to Change How are we as an industry and a people to survive these changes? Mark Twain once said â€Å"It’s not progress that I mind, it’s the change I don’t like,† and the same can be said of the health care industry. People in general are opposed to change, especially when they do not have a good understanding of the issues. But â€Å"Obama care† is here to stay, and understanding the intent, specific benefits, and potential for positive reform is the first step in adapting to these changes. We have the ability to research and investigate the many options available to us as both consumers and providers of health care. Knowing what health care reform means on a personal level as well as a business level will not only help us understand and adapt to health care reform, but we may also find that there are many way this reform may indeed work to our benefit in the long run. References Litten, S. J. (2013, May 24). Health Care Reform is Changing the Landscape in Medicine. Retrieved from Physician Practice Web site: http://www.physicianspractice.com/blog/healthcare-reform-changing-landscape-medicine

Experiment 1: Calorimetry

Experiment 1: Calorimetry Nadya Patrica E. Sauza, Jelica D. Estacio Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines Results and Discussion Eight Styrofoam ball calorimeters were calibrated. Five milliliters of 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) was reacted with 10 ml of 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in each calorimeter. The temperature before and after the reaction were recorded; the change in temperature (? T) was calculated by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature. The reaction was performed twice for every calorimeter. The heat capacity (Ccal) of each calorimeter was calculated using the formula, C_cal=(- H? _rxn^o n_LR)/? T[1] where ? Horxn is the total heat absorbed or evolved for every mole of reaction and nLR is the number of moles of the limiting reactant. The ? Horxn used was -55. 8kJ per mole of water while the nLR was 0. 005 mole. Table 1. Average Ccal from recorded ? T values. Trial? T, (oC)Ccal, (J)Ave Ccal, (J) 112. 2126. 82202. 91 21. 0279. 00 213. 093. 00108. 50 22. 3124. 00 310. 5558. 00558. 00 20. 5558. 00 412. 0139. 50244. 13 20. 8348. 75 513. 093. 0081. 38 24. 069. 75 612. 0139. 50209. 25 21. 0279. 00 712. 111. 60111. 60 22. 5111. 60 813. 093. 00116. 25 22. 0139. 50 Different heat capacities were calculated for each calorimeter (Table 1). After calibration, a reaction was performed in a calorimeter by each pair. A total of eight reactions were observed by the whole class. The temperature before and after the reaction were recorded. Then the change in temperature was calculated. Eac h reaction was performed twice to produce two trials. The experimental ? Horxn for each reaction was solved using the formula, H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR [2] where Ccal is the heat capacity previously calculated for each calorimeter. The percent error for each reaction was computed by comparing the computed experimental ? Horxn to the theoretical ? Horxn using the formula, % error=|(computed-theoretical)/theoretical|? 100% [3] Table 2. Comparison of calculated ? Horxn and theoretical ? Horxn. RxnLRTrial? T, (oC)? Horxn, (kJ/mol)Ave ? Horxn, (kJ/mol)Theo ? Horxn, (kJ/mol)% Error 1HCl13. 5-142. 04-131. 89-132. 510. 47 23. 0-121. 75 2HOAc11. 3-26. 34-41. 61-56. 0924. 65 22. 7-56. 89 3HOAc11. 8-189. 61-203. 16-52. 47287. 18 22. 0-216. 70 4HNO311. 5-73. 24-70. 80-55. 8426. 78 21. 4-68. 36 5Mg13. 0-118. 67-138. 45-466. 8570. 34 24. 0-158. 23 6Mg15. 5-559. 4-635. 72-953. 1133. 30 27. 0-712. 01 7Zn13. 0-43. 80-43. 80-218. 6679. 97 23. 0-43. 80 8CaCl210. 00. 00-5. 8113. 07144. 47 20. 5-11. 63 There were differences in experimental and theoretical values of ? Horxn as shown by the percent error for each reaction (table 2). The discrepancies were caused by many factors. One factor was the loss of heat. The heat may have bee n released when the thermometer was pushed or pulled during the reaction. The heat may also have been lost because the calorimeter is not totally isolated. Another factor was the dilution of the solution. The pipette or test tube may still have been wet when used. However, the concentration used in solving for values was the concentration of the undiluted solution. Another factor that may have contributed to the difference in the experimental and theoretical values was human error. It was manifested when reading the thermometer or measuring chemicals with different instruments. The factors aforementioned are the limitations of this experiment. References Petrucci, R. H. ; Herring, F. G. ; Madura, J. D. ; Bissonnette, C. General Chemistry, 10th ed. ; Pearson Education: Canada, 2011; Chapter 7. Appendices Appendix A Comparison of Observed and Theoretical Heats of Reactions RxnLRTrial? TnLRqrxn? HorxnAve ? HorxnTheo ? Horxn% Error 1HCl13. 500. 00500-710. 19-142. 04-131. 89-132. 510. 47 23. 000. 00500-608. 73-121. 75 2HOAc11. 250. 00515-135. 63-26. 34-41. 61-56. 0924. 65 22. 700. 00515-292. 95-56. 89 3HOAc11. 750. 00515-976. 50-189. 61-203. 16-52. 47287. 18 22. 000. 00515-1116. 00-216. 70 4HNO311. 500. 00500-366. 19-73. 24-70. 80-55. 8426. 78 21. 400. 00500-341. 78-68. 36 5Mg13. 000. 00206-244. 13-118. 67-138. 45-466. 8570. 34 24. 000. 00206-325. 50-158. 23 6Mg15. 500. 00206-1150. 88-559. 44-635. 72-953. 1133. 30 27. 000. 00206-1464. 75-712. 01 7Zn13. 000. 00764-334. 80-43. 80-43. 80-218. 6679. 97 23. 000. 00764-334. 80-43. 0 8Na2CO3/ CaCl210. 000. 005000. 000. 00-5. 8113. 07144. 47 20. 500. 00500-58. 13-11. 63 Appendix B Sample Calculations Calibration of Calorimeter 10ml 1M NaOH + 5ml 1M HCl n. i. e. : OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l)? Horxn= -55. 8kJ LR: HCLnLR= 0. 005mol Grp 1 Trial 1 ?T= 2. 2oC Sol’n: C_cal=(- H? _rxn^o n_LR)/? T C_cal=(-(-55. 8kJ)(0. 005mol))/(? 2. 2? ^ o C)? 1000J/1kJ ?(C_cal=126. 82 J) Determination of Heats of Reaction Neutralization Reaction Rxn 4 Trial 1: 10ml 1M NaOH + 5ml 1M HNO3 n. i. e. : OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l) LR: HNO3nLR= 0. 005mol ?T= 1. 5oCCcal= 244. 125 J Sol’n H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(244. 25J)(? 1. 5? ^o C))/0. 005mol? 1kJ/1000J ? ( H? _rxn^o=-73. 24kJ) Reaction between an Active Metal and an Acid Rxn 5 Trial 1: 15ml 1M HCl+ 0. 05g Mg n. i. e. : 2H+(aq) + Mg(s) ? Mg+2(aq) + H2(g) LR: MgnLR= 0. 00206mol ?T= 3oCCcal= 81. 375 J Sol’n H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(81. 375J)(3^o C))/0. 00206mol? 1kJ/1000J ?( H? _rxn^o=-118. 67kJ) Displacement of One Metal by Another Rxn 7 Trial 1: 15ml 1M CuSO4 + 0. 5g Zn n. i. e. : Cu+2(aq) + Zn(s) ? Zn+2(aq) + Cu(s) LR: ZnnLR= 0. 00764mol ?T= 3oCCcal= 111. 6 J Sol’n H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(111. 6J)(3^o C))/0. 00764mol? 1kJ/1000J ?( H? rxn^o=-43. 80kJ) Precipitation Reaction Rxn 8 Trial 1: 10ml 0. 5M Na2CO3 + 5ml 1M CaCl2 n. i. e. : CO3-2(aq) + Ca+2(aq) ? CaCO3(s) LR: Na2CO3/ CaCl2nLR= 0. 005mol ?T= 0. 5oCCcal= 116. 25 J Sol’n H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(116. 25J)(? 0. 5? ^o C))/0. 005mol? 1kJ/1000J ? ( H? _rxn^o=-11. 63kJ) Appendix C Answers to the Questions in the Lab Manual There are many possibilities that explain the discrepancy of the experimental and theoretical values of ? Horxn. First, heat might have been lost to the surroundings. This is possible whenever the thermometer is pulled out or pushed in the calorimeter during the reaction. Also, the calorimeter might not have been thoroughly isolated. Second, the solution might have been diluted in the test tube or pipette. They might have been wet when used with the solution. Lastly, the discrepancies might have occurred due to human error. The students might have misread the thermometer when taking the temperature or the pipette when measuring the solutions. a. It is important to keep the total volume of the resulting solution to 15ml because any more or any less than that of the volume can contribute to the absorption or release of additional heat therefore affecting the ? Horxn. b. It is important to know the exact concentrations of the reactants to solve for their number of moles and to find out the limiting reactant. c. It is important to know the exact weight of the metal solids used to solve for their number of moles and to find out whether one of them is a limiting reactant. Also, the weight is needed to solve for the heat capacity of the solid when the specific heat is given. 200ml 0. 5M HA + NaOH ? -6. 0kJ LR: HAnLR= 0. 1mole H? _(rxn,mol)^o= (-6. 0 kJ)/(0. 1 mol) ?( H? _(rxn,mol)^o= -60 kJ) HA is a strong acid. OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l)? Horxn= -60 kJ/mole Calibration:15ml 2. M HCl + 5ml 2. 0M NaOH? T=5. 60oC LR: NaOHnLR= 0. 01mole Reaction:20ml 0. 450M CuSO4 + 0. 264g Zn? T=8. 83oC LR: ZnnLR= 0. 00404mole n. i. e. : OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l) n. i. e. : Cu+2(aq) + Zn(s) ? Zn+2(aq) + Cu(s) C_cal=(- H? _rxn^o n_LR)/? T C_cal=(-(-55. 8kJ)(0. 01mol))/(? 5. 60? ^o C)? 1000J/1kJ ?(C_cal=99. 6 J) H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(99. 6J)(? 8. 83? ^o C))/0. 00404mol? 1kJ/1000J ? ( H? _rxn^o=-218. 0 kJ) OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l)? Horxn= -55. 8kJ ?Hof,H2O= -285 kJ ?Hof,OH-= ? ?Horxn= ? Hof,product – ? Hof,reactant -55. 8 kJ = ? Hof,OH- – (-285 kJ) ?( H? _(f,? OH? ^-)^o=-218. 0 kJ) Experiment 1: Calorimetry Experiment 1: Calorimetry Nadya Patrica E. Sauza, Jelica D. Estacio Institute of Chemistry, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines Results and Discussion Eight Styrofoam ball calorimeters were calibrated. Five milliliters of 1M hydrochloric acid (HCl) was reacted with 10 ml of 1M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in each calorimeter. The temperature before and after the reaction were recorded; the change in temperature (? T) was calculated by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature. The reaction was performed twice for every calorimeter. The heat capacity (Ccal) of each calorimeter was calculated using the formula, C_cal=(- H? _rxn^o n_LR)/? T[1] where ? Horxn is the total heat absorbed or evolved for every mole of reaction and nLR is the number of moles of the limiting reactant. The ? Horxn used was -55. 8kJ per mole of water while the nLR was 0. 005 mole. Table 1. Average Ccal from recorded ? T values. Trial? T, (oC)Ccal, (J)Ave Ccal, (J) 112. 2126. 82202. 91 21. 0279. 00 213. 093. 00108. 50 22. 3124. 00 310. 5558. 00558. 00 20. 5558. 00 412. 0139. 50244. 13 20. 8348. 75 513. 093. 0081. 38 24. 069. 75 612. 0139. 50209. 25 21. 0279. 00 712. 111. 60111. 60 22. 5111. 60 813. 093. 00116. 25 22. 0139. 50 Different heat capacities were calculated for each calorimeter (Table 1). After calibration, a reaction was performed in a calorimeter by each pair. A total of eight reactions were observed by the whole class. The temperature before and after the reaction were recorded. Then the change in temperature was calculated. Eac h reaction was performed twice to produce two trials. The experimental ? Horxn for each reaction was solved using the formula, H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR [2] where Ccal is the heat capacity previously calculated for each calorimeter. The percent error for each reaction was computed by comparing the computed experimental ? Horxn to the theoretical ? Horxn using the formula, % error=|(computed-theoretical)/theoretical|? 100% [3] Table 2. Comparison of calculated ? Horxn and theoretical ? Horxn. RxnLRTrial? T, (oC)? Horxn, (kJ/mol)Ave ? Horxn, (kJ/mol)Theo ? Horxn, (kJ/mol)% Error 1HCl13. 5-142. 04-131. 89-132. 510. 47 23. 0-121. 75 2HOAc11. 3-26. 34-41. 61-56. 0924. 65 22. 7-56. 89 3HOAc11. 8-189. 61-203. 16-52. 47287. 18 22. 0-216. 70 4HNO311. 5-73. 24-70. 80-55. 8426. 78 21. 4-68. 36 5Mg13. 0-118. 67-138. 45-466. 8570. 34 24. 0-158. 23 6Mg15. 5-559. 4-635. 72-953. 1133. 30 27. 0-712. 01 7Zn13. 0-43. 80-43. 80-218. 6679. 97 23. 0-43. 80 8CaCl210. 00. 00-5. 8113. 07144. 47 20. 5-11. 63 There were differences in experimental and theoretical values of ? Horxn as shown by the percent error for each reaction (table 2). The discrepancies were caused by many factors. One factor was the loss of heat. The heat may have bee n released when the thermometer was pushed or pulled during the reaction. The heat may also have been lost because the calorimeter is not totally isolated. Another factor was the dilution of the solution. The pipette or test tube may still have been wet when used. However, the concentration used in solving for values was the concentration of the undiluted solution. Another factor that may have contributed to the difference in the experimental and theoretical values was human error. It was manifested when reading the thermometer or measuring chemicals with different instruments. The factors aforementioned are the limitations of this experiment. References Petrucci, R. H. ; Herring, F. G. ; Madura, J. D. ; Bissonnette, C. General Chemistry, 10th ed. ; Pearson Education: Canada, 2011; Chapter 7. Appendices Appendix A Comparison of Observed and Theoretical Heats of Reactions RxnLRTrial? TnLRqrxn? HorxnAve ? HorxnTheo ? Horxn% Error 1HCl13. 500. 00500-710. 19-142. 04-131. 89-132. 510. 47 23. 000. 00500-608. 73-121. 75 2HOAc11. 250. 00515-135. 63-26. 34-41. 61-56. 0924. 65 22. 700. 00515-292. 95-56. 89 3HOAc11. 750. 00515-976. 50-189. 61-203. 16-52. 47287. 18 22. 000. 00515-1116. 00-216. 70 4HNO311. 500. 00500-366. 19-73. 24-70. 80-55. 8426. 78 21. 400. 00500-341. 78-68. 36 5Mg13. 000. 00206-244. 13-118. 67-138. 45-466. 8570. 34 24. 000. 00206-325. 50-158. 23 6Mg15. 500. 00206-1150. 88-559. 44-635. 72-953. 1133. 30 27. 000. 00206-1464. 75-712. 01 7Zn13. 000. 00764-334. 80-43. 80-43. 80-218. 6679. 97 23. 000. 00764-334. 80-43. 0 8Na2CO3/ CaCl210. 000. 005000. 000. 00-5. 8113. 07144. 47 20. 500. 00500-58. 13-11. 63 Appendix B Sample Calculations Calibration of Calorimeter 10ml 1M NaOH + 5ml 1M HCl n. i. e. : OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l)? Horxn= -55. 8kJ LR: HCLnLR= 0. 005mol Grp 1 Trial 1 ?T= 2. 2oC Sol’n: C_cal=(- H? _rxn^o n_LR)/? T C_cal=(-(-55. 8kJ)(0. 005mol))/(? 2. 2? ^ o C)? 1000J/1kJ ?(C_cal=126. 82 J) Determination of Heats of Reaction Neutralization Reaction Rxn 4 Trial 1: 10ml 1M NaOH + 5ml 1M HNO3 n. i. e. : OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l) LR: HNO3nLR= 0. 005mol ?T= 1. 5oCCcal= 244. 125 J Sol’n H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(244. 25J)(? 1. 5? ^o C))/0. 005mol? 1kJ/1000J ? ( H? _rxn^o=-73. 24kJ) Reaction between an Active Metal and an Acid Rxn 5 Trial 1: 15ml 1M HCl+ 0. 05g Mg n. i. e. : 2H+(aq) + Mg(s) ? Mg+2(aq) + H2(g) LR: MgnLR= 0. 00206mol ?T= 3oCCcal= 81. 375 J Sol’n H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(81. 375J)(3^o C))/0. 00206mol? 1kJ/1000J ?( H? _rxn^o=-118. 67kJ) Displacement of One Metal by Another Rxn 7 Trial 1: 15ml 1M CuSO4 + 0. 5g Zn n. i. e. : Cu+2(aq) + Zn(s) ? Zn+2(aq) + Cu(s) LR: ZnnLR= 0. 00764mol ?T= 3oCCcal= 111. 6 J Sol’n H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(111. 6J)(3^o C))/0. 00764mol? 1kJ/1000J ?( H? rxn^o=-43. 80kJ) Precipitation Reaction Rxn 8 Trial 1: 10ml 0. 5M Na2CO3 + 5ml 1M CaCl2 n. i. e. : CO3-2(aq) + Ca+2(aq) ? CaCO3(s) LR: Na2CO3/ CaCl2nLR= 0. 005mol ?T= 0. 5oCCcal= 116. 25 J Sol’n H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(116. 25J)(? 0. 5? ^o C))/0. 005mol? 1kJ/1000J ? ( H? _rxn^o=-11. 63kJ) Appendix C Answers to the Questions in the Lab Manual There are many possibilities that explain the discrepancy of the experimental and theoretical values of ? Horxn. First, heat might have been lost to the surroundings. This is possible whenever the thermometer is pulled out or pushed in the calorimeter during the reaction. Also, the calorimeter might not have been thoroughly isolated. Second, the solution might have been diluted in the test tube or pipette. They might have been wet when used with the solution. Lastly, the discrepancies might have occurred due to human error. The students might have misread the thermometer when taking the temperature or the pipette when measuring the solutions. a. It is important to keep the total volume of the resulting solution to 15ml because any more or any less than that of the volume can contribute to the absorption or release of additional heat therefore affecting the ? Horxn. b. It is important to know the exact concentrations of the reactants to solve for their number of moles and to find out the limiting reactant. c. It is important to know the exact weight of the metal solids used to solve for their number of moles and to find out whether one of them is a limiting reactant. Also, the weight is needed to solve for the heat capacity of the solid when the specific heat is given. 200ml 0. 5M HA + NaOH ? -6. 0kJ LR: HAnLR= 0. 1mole H? _(rxn,mol)^o= (-6. 0 kJ)/(0. 1 mol) ?( H? _(rxn,mol)^o= -60 kJ) HA is a strong acid. OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l)? Horxn= -60 kJ/mole Calibration:15ml 2. M HCl + 5ml 2. 0M NaOH? T=5. 60oC LR: NaOHnLR= 0. 01mole Reaction:20ml 0. 450M CuSO4 + 0. 264g Zn? T=8. 83oC LR: ZnnLR= 0. 00404mole n. i. e. : OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l) n. i. e. : Cu+2(aq) + Zn(s) ? Zn+2(aq) + Cu(s) C_cal=(- H? _rxn^o n_LR)/? T C_cal=(-(-55. 8kJ)(0. 01mol))/(? 5. 60? ^o C)? 1000J/1kJ ?(C_cal=99. 6 J) H? _rxn^o=(-C_cal ? T)/n_LR H? _rxn^o=(-(99. 6J)(? 8. 83? ^o C))/0. 00404mol? 1kJ/1000J ? ( H? _rxn^o=-218. 0 kJ) OH-(aq) + H+(aq) ? H2O(l)? Horxn= -55. 8kJ ?Hof,H2O= -285 kJ ?Hof,OH-= ? ?Horxn= ? Hof,product – ? Hof,reactant -55. 8 kJ = ? Hof,OH- – (-285 kJ) ?( H? _(f,? OH? ^-)^o=-218. 0 kJ)

Bipolar disorder (manic depression) lithium Essays

Bipolar disorder (manic depression) lithium Essays Bipolar disorder (manic depression) lithium Paper Bipolar disorder (manic depression) lithium Paper Bipolar disorder is a condition characterized by experiences episodes of alternating of mood swings, and rapid changes in the energy levels and the ability to perform activities. The individual develops period of mania (excitability) coupled with depression. This results in the individual behaving in an irrational manner. The other symptoms of bipolar disorder include anxiety, loss of temper, aggressiveness, loss of self-control, sleeplessness, sexual urges, substance abuse, abuse of others rights, etc. The symptoms (3 or more) are present at least for a week (NIMH, 2007 Merck, 2005). The precise etiology of bipolar disorder is not known, but seemingly develops in close relatives. However, external and internal factors are responsible for the development of the condition. The condition more frequently occurs in identical twins. A single gene is usually responsible for the development of the condition. Bipolar disorder usually occurs in individuals who have experienced traumatic experiences in their lives. The neurotransmitters present in the brain function abnormally. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can also occur in other disorders such as AIDS, neurosyphilis, encephalitis, head injuries, epilepsy, etc. Certain medications such as antidepressants or corticosteroid may also be responsible (Ballas, 2006, NIMH, 2007 Merck, 2005). The acute symptoms of bipolar disorder do seem to be brought under control. However, relapses of the symptoms are common. If the individual is not given an treatment, the symptoms become more intense and severe. To some extent treatment can improve the quality of life and the ability to function normally (NIMH, 2005 Merck, 2005). One of the most frequently used and effective drugs for bipolar disorder is lithium (mood stabilizing agent). It helps to lower the symptoms of mania and depression, prevent the need for hospitalization, improves the quality of life, and improves the ability to function normally. It is effective in about 66 % of the patients suffering from bipolar disorders. Some of the side effects of lithium use include thyroid problems, weight gain, kidney problems, nausea, vomiting, fetal damage (in pregnant women), etc. Nowadays, newer drugs are come out which are more effective and have lesser number of side effects. Several newer drug such s Lamotrigine and gabapentin (newer anti-epileptic agents), atypical anti-psychotic agents (such as clozapine, olanzapine, etc), and benzodiazepines are found to be more effective and causing lesser number of side effects (Lloyd, 1996, pp. 986, NIMH, 2007 Merck, 2005). A study was conducted to determine the effect of lithium prophylaxis on bipolar disorder. About 200 patients were given lithium for about 2 years. These patients were stable after 2 years of lithium prophylaxis. The drug was stopped in a quarter of the patients and continued in the remaining three-fourths. However, the chances of the symptoms recurring were found to be high in those in whom the drug was stopped. If lithium is to be discontinued, the physicians should make a decision based on the dose of the drug required to maintain clinical stability (Biel et al, 2007). References: Ballas, P. (2006). Bipolar disorder. Retrieved March 11, 2007, from Medline Plus web site: nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000926. htm Biel, M. G. , Peselow, E. , Mulcare, L. et al (2007), â€Å"Continuation versus discontinuation of lithium in recurrent bipolar illness: a naturalistic study. † Bipolar Disorder, 9(5), 435-442. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/sites/entrez? Db=pubmedCmd=ShowDetailViewTermToSearch=17680913ordinalpos=5itool=EntrezSystem2. PEntrez. Pubmed. Pubmed_ResultsPanel. Pubmed_RVDocSum Culver, J. L. , Arnow, B. A. , Ketter, T. A. (2007). â€Å"Bipolar disorder: improving diagnosis and optimizing integrated care. † J Clin Psychol, 63(1), 73-92. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/entrez/query. fcgi? db=pubmedcmd=Retrievedopt=AbstractPluslist_uids=17115430query_hl=10itool=pubmed_DocSum Lloyd, G. G. (1996). Psychiatry, In. Edwards, C. R. A. , Bouchier, I. A. D. , Haslett, C. (Ed), Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine, (17th Ed), Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. National Institute of Mental Health (2007). Bipolar Disorders. Retrieved March 11, 2007, from NIMH web site: nimh. nih. gov/publicat/bipolar. cfm The Merck Manual (2005). Bipolar Disorder. Retrieved March 11, 2007, from Medline Plus web site: merck. com/mmpe/sec15/ch200/ch200c. html

Units of Time in Spanish

Units of Time in Spanish Need to know how to refer to a particular unit of time? Here are the most common ones in Spanish, listed from the shortest period of time to the longest: el nanosegundo - nanosecond el microsegundo - microsecond el milisegundo - millisecond el segundo - second el minuto - minute la hora - hour el dà ­a - day la semana, el septenario - week la quincena - fortnight, two weeks (The term sometimes refers to a 15-day period or a half-month.) el mes - month el semestre - six months, half-year (The term can also refer to an academic semester.) el aà ±o - year el lustro - five years el decenio, la dà ©cada - 10 years, decade el siglo - century el milenio - millennium el cron - million years el eà ³n - thousand million years, billion years in U.S. English (The term also can refer to an indefinitely long period of time.) In addition, Spanish has a number of units of time that are seldom used, or are used in specific contexts. For example, bimestre and trimestre, are two-month and three-month periods, respectively, with similar month groupings possible. Similarly, bienio and septenio are two- and seven-year periods of time, respectively, with other groupings possible.

Strategic change and quality improvement Assignment

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Alternative Approaches to Slowing Global Warming Essay

Alternative Approaches to Slowing Global Warming - Essay Example This paper offers a thorough review of the article â€Å"To Tax or Not to Tax: Alternative Approaches to Slowing Global Warming†, written by William D. Nordhaus. The article written by the author is a comprehensive study and analysis of the various issues relating to global warming from an economic point of view. The articlewas written to find out, how a control by the government on the public goods would help to combat the problem of global warming. The different control mechanisms which are either price controls or quantity controls have undergone a thorough analysis in the article. Along with that the various prospects and the setbacks that the government face relating to these controls have also been discussed by the author. The scientific analysis of the problems of global warming has been provided. This is a constructive approach which would help the reader understand why there is a necessity for the control of pollution. An outline of the source of the problems has been discussed. The issue of climatic changes has been explained with the help of suitable examples. The reader can understand that the emission of various industrial gases are the reasons why the atmosphere around the earth is getting polluted and how it is linked to the changes in the climate. Although the scientists had made the world aware about the negative consequences of global warming a long time back, countries have been instrumental in taking formal actions only at a later stage. In this context the author has put forward the example of United States. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is the body that started its functioning with the Kyoto Protocol in 2005. The framework was adopted by the participating industrialized countries where the emissions take place the most. The European Emissions Trading Scheme was an attempt made by the countries of the European Union to tackle the problems of Carbon dioxide emissions in the countries with the implementation of the economic principles (European Environment Agency 11). However, according to the author the Kyoto Protocol had major problems because there was very little scope for inclusion of the other countries. The United States also did not participate in the treaty which acted as a major setback for the success of the mission. The treaty also suffered a failure because the growth in the industrialization took place in the countries that did not come under the purview of the treaty. This is a valid argument put forward by the author because any schemes that are being adopted by the countries have to be remodeled with time. Unless all the countries come forward and participate, a global issue cannot be countered only by a few nations. Therefore Nordhaus posited that the nations did not do enough in the initial stage to combat the pollution levels of their respective countries. Therefore the article does a detailed analysis of the Kyoto Protocol and also tries to look for an alternative solution in case of non viability of the former. The author has presented the first section of the article with global public goods, an example of which is the phenomenon of global warming. The author has describes these goods as those which affect the entire world and are not specific to any country. The global public goods are becoming more prominent with time because of the extensive of use of technology. This representation of global warming is somewhat not appropriate because it is a result of production or consumption of a good and therefore should be considered as a negative externality rather

Pueblo woman by Roxanne Swentzell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pueblo woman by Roxanne Swentzell - Essay Example The sunglasses show how the artist is blending modernism in her art work. a) Conform to the theoretical model. The artwork that fails to conform to the theoretical models fails to be recognized significantly therefore not recognized equally. The artwork must conform to the standards and this has made many artworks not to be recognized. There is a medium that the artist has used. She has endeavored to have a message in her sculpt. The artistic work shows the popular culture within the popular culture. b) Break from tradition. Masterpieces that break from the tradition of the Native American art make the work and the artist to remain anonymous. Roxanne has not observed the tradition as she seeks to pursue post modernism. This is evidenced in the carvings where she shows the how the modern woman is supposed to put on. The modern culture is shown by the use of the modern glasses and the striped swimsuit. The artist is not geared to reveal history but shows the popular culture within the Pueblo woman. c) Political boundaries. The sculptor has avoided being influenced by politics. She has endeavored in representing lifestyle and cultures, especially in the women as she exhibits modernity. There is no political representation in the sculpt but she chooses to address the conflicting cultural frameworks and the expectation of the modern woman. The artist chose to use clay as a medium to do her sculpt. It has a smooth texture and the color is blended well to show essentialism and reality of the modern lady.

Glycaemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes

Glycaemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes Case study 1: Glycaemic Status A newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient attended his outpatient appointment and reported that he had been tightly monitoring his glycaemic control. The biochemical analysis produced the following results: Value Range [Plasma Glucose] fasting sample 12 mmol/l 4-6 mmol/l Urea 10.1 mmol/l 3.3-6.8 mmol/l HbA1c 10% Osmolality (mosm/kg) 277 mosm/kg 285-295 mosm/kg 1] Consider each of these findings and give an assessment of the   patient’s glycaemic control. The above type 2 diabetic patient with abnormal biochemical values [high fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C, urea and borderline Osmolality] showing hyperglycaemic condition though the patient reported, that he had been tightly monitoring his glycaemic control. This describes either his nonadherance to medication [1-4] or fluctuations in plasma glucose levels as he is a newly diagnosed diabetic patient. So he requires more counselling [14] about the disease monitoring [8] and management [5-7], medication [medication regimen] alterations. The high fasting plasma glucose value 12 mmol/l shows patient is having high blood sugar levels at the time of testing and high HbA1C value [10%] gives a retrospective assessment of the mean plasma glucose concentration during the preceding 6-8 weeks. As the percentage is twice the normal value [ High urea value 10.1 mmol/l shows that renal impairment caused by diabetes mellitus. Plasma creatinine and urea levels are established markers of Glomerular filtration rate [GFR]. High urea value in above patient suggests that impaired function of the nephrons. It could be attributed to a fall in the filtering capacity of the kidney thus leading to accumulation of waste products within the system [12-14, 16]. Borderline osmolality 277 mosm/kg suggests possibility of disrupted water balance from either excessive water intake [polydipsia caused by hyperglycaemia] or inadequate water excretion [impaired kidney function]. In this case further investigations like measurement of urine osmolality, urine volume and urine, plasma electrolytes [sodium] to confirm the reason for hypo osmolality [9, 22]. Thus above all classical symptoms are suggestive of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. 2] Discuss the importance of glycaemic control and the effects that poor control can cause in these patients. It is very essential to control the hyper glycaemia in diabetic patients as uncontrolled diabetes can cause life threatening consequences [14, 20]. Vascular disease is a common complication of persistent poor glycaemic control in diabetes [9, 13, 14-16]. Macro vascular disease due to abnormalities of large vessels may present as coronary artery, cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular insufficiency. A number of risk factors have been associated with the metabolic syndrome, including hypertension, poor glycaemic control, central obesity, smoking, dyslipidaemia and glycated end products [16]. Microvascular disease due to abnormalities of small blood vessels particularly affects the retina [diabetic retinopathy] and the kidney [nephropathy]; both may be related to inadequate glucose control. Microvascular disease of the kidney is associated with proteinuria and progressive renal failure. Diffuse nodular glomerulosclerosis [Kimmelstiel Wilson lesions] may cause the nephrotic syndrome. The renal complications may be partly due to the increased glycation of structural proteins in the arterial walls supplying the glomerular basement membrane; glycation of protein in the lens may cause cataracts. Skin disorders, Infections like urinary tract or chest infections, cellulitis, candida and erectile dysfunction is also most common and partly neurologically mediated. Diabetic neuropathy, which can be peripheral symmetric sensory, peripheral painful, acute mononueropathies or autonomic. Diabetic ulcers, which can be ischemic, infective. The joints can also be affected, Charcot’s joints [9]. Type 2 diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from a hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic non-ketotic state [HONK] when their diabetic control is deranged [17, 18]. Hypoglycaemia is most commonly caused by accidental over administration of insulin or oral anti diabetic drugs [9, 19]. 3] Describe how this particular patient could achieve a better glycaemic control. The above diabetic patient with abnormal biochemical values could achieve a better glycaemic control, by diet control, weight reduction [if patient is overweight], and increased physical activity, medication adherence, medication regimen alteration and most importantly high dose of insulin may be required to control the hyperglycaemic status [7, 9,17]. Additionally care providers must educate and motivate the patient to monitor glucose levels, control carbohydrate consumption and aggressively participate in self-care to control disorder. In type 2 diabetic patients incretin hormones [glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependant insulinotropic polypeptide] maintain normal glucose homeostasis. Thus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, which enhance endogenous incretin function, are well suited for combination with other agents to promote daily glycaemic control without increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia or weight gain [21]. In this patient insulin secretion can be stimulated by sulphonyl urea drugs. Metformin decreases intestinal glucose absorption and hepatic gluconeogenesis as well as increasing tissue insulin sensitivity and which is particularly used in obese patients [9]. Acarbose delays postprandial absorption of glucose by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. Glitazones activate ÃŽ ³-peroxisome proliferator activated receptors and which can reduce insulin resistance. Repaglinide increases insulin release from pancreatic ÃŽ ²-cells [9]. Glycaemic control efforts should involve quarterly glycated haemoglobin assessments, routine monitoring of daily blood glucose values and combination therapy that targets both fasting and post prandial hyperglycaemia. The lifetime strategy for diabetes management might involve aggressive efforts to control glycaemia daily and early in type 2 diabetes, with less stringent glucose targets and avoidance of hypoglycaemia as possibility of comorbidities, such as advanced cardiovascular disease and renal impairment [8, 14, 16, and 20]. References 1] Khattab, M. et Al. [2010] Factors associated with poor glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, 24, 84-89. [Accessed 12th February 2015]. 2] Almutairi, A.M. et Al. [2013] Predictors of poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetic patients. American Journal of Medical Sciences, 3 (2), 17-21. [Accesses 12th February 2015]. 3] Blackburn, F D., Swidrovich, J., Lemstra, M. [2013] Nonadherence in type 2 diabetes, practical consideration for interpreting the literature. Patient Preference and Adherence, 7, 183-189. [Accessed 12th February 2015]. 4] Di Bonaventura, M. et Al. [2014] The association between nonadherence and glycated haemoglobin among type 2 diabetes patients using basal insulin analogs. Patient Preference and Adherence, 8, 873-882. [Accessed 11th February 2015]. 5] Moreira, Jr. D E. et Al. [2013] Glycemic control and diabetes management in hospitalized patients in Brazil. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 5, 62. Available from: http://www.dmsjournal.com/content/5/1/62 [Accessed 11th February 2015]. 6] Schmeltz, R.L. et Al. [2011] Management of inpatient hyperglycemia. Lab Med, 42 (2), 427-434. Available from: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/744866_4 [Accessed 13th February]. 7] Fowler, J. M. et Al. [2011] Pitfalls in outpatient diabetes management and inpatient glycemic control. Clinical. Diabetes Journal.Org, 29 (2), 79-85. Available from: http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/content/29/2/79.full [Accessed 13th February 2015]. 8] Clarke, S. F. and Foster, J.R. [2012] A history of blood glucose meters and their role in self-monitoring of diabetes mellitus. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 69 (2), 83-93. [Accessed 13th February 2015]. 9] Crook, M.A. (2006) Clinical biochemistry. 7th ed. Hodder Arnold 10] Walker, S., Beckett, G., Rae, P. and Ashby, P. (2010) Lecture notes on clinical biochemistry. 8th ed. Wiley – Blackwell. 11] Marshall, WJ. and Bangert, SK. (2004) Clinical chemistry. 5th ed. Mosby 12] Idonije, O. B. et Al [2011] Plasma glucose, creatinine and urea levels in type 2 diabetic patients attending a Nigerian teaching hospital. Research Journal of Medical Sciences, 5 (1), 1-3. Available from: http://www.medwelljournals.com/fulltext/?doi=rjmsci.2011.1.3 [Accessed 13th February 2015]. 13] Alao, O. et Al. [2009] Cardiovascular risk factors among diabetic patients attending a Nigerian teaching hospital. The Internet Journal of Endocrinology, 6 (1), 1-8. Available from: https://ispub.com/IJEN/6/1/11009 [Accessed 13th February 2015]. 14] The management of type 2 diabetes [2014] NICE clinical guidelines 87. Available from: http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg87 [Accessed 13th February 2015]. 15] Wallace, T. M and Matthews, D. R. [2000] Poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes: a conspiracy of disease, suboptimal therapy and attitude. The Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 93, 369-374. [Accessed 13th February 2015]. 16] Goud B. K, M. et Al. [2011] Serum urea, creatinine in relation to fasting plasma glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patients. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 1 (3), 279-283. [Accessed 13th February 2015]. 17] Pesce, J. A. and Kaplan, A. L. [1987] Methods in Clinical Chemistry. Mosby. 18] Diabetic ketoacidosis. Information about DKA. Patient.co.uk. Available from: http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/diabeticketoacidosis [Accessed 14th February 2015]. 19] Tight diabetic control. American Diabetes Association. Available from: http://www.diabetes.org/livingwithdiabetes/treatmentandcare/bloodglucosecontrol/tightdiabetescontrol.html [Accessed 14th February 2015]. 20] Ousman, MD. Y. and Sharma, MD. M. [2001] The irrefutable importance of glycemic control. Clinical Diabetes Journal.Org, 19 (2), 71-72. Available from: http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/content/19/2/71.full [Accessed 14th February 2015]. 21] Bode, BW. [2009] Defining the importance of daily glycemic control and implications for type 2 diabetes management. Postgrad Med., 121 (5), 82-93. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19820277 [Accessed 14th February 2015]. 22] Weiner, D. 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Evolution Of Technology Essay -- essays research papers

Primitive men cleaved their universe into friends and enemies and responded with quick, deep emotion to even the mildest threats emanating from outside the arbitrary boundary. With the rise of chiefdoms and states, this tendency became institutionalized, war was adopted as an instrument of policy of some of the new societies, and those that employed it best became - tragically - the most successful. The evolution of warfare was an autocatalytic reaction that could not be halted by any people, because to attempt to reverse the process unilaterally was to fall victim. -E.O. Wilson, On Human Nature As every day passes we are become more and more a globalized society. With this ongoing cycle we come across a vast multitude of impasses. One of the main ideas leading toward this "global paradox" is the concept of global mindset. In this paper we will discuss all of the aspects of the global mindset: what it is, how it helps people live productively and successfully in the globalizing society, and how to develop an effective global mindset. Having a global mindset is a crucial competence of most businesses futures. What crucial competence means is the most sought after characteristic. Any level of manger that does not act with a global strategy will be left in the dust in today's globalizing markets. So what is a global mindset? Before we discuss what a global mindset is we must look at the reasons why we need a global mindset, so we can get a clearer picture of what we actually need. The world is becoming more interconnected and there have been recent changes in the world political systems. Incidents such as the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union; as well as revolutionary advances in communication technology. The implications for higher education in this changing world scene are significant as the new global workplace, driven by the up and coming information technology (IT) area, has made communication in daily life increasingly multinational and multicultural (Kim 617). Informal education is also a way to start. By this we mean that you don't have to go to formal classes to learn. Just by paying attention to people from other cultures in every day life we can enlarge our global mindset. In a class offered at the University of Rhode Island, BUS/COM 354, International Business Communication Exchange, students work in teams a... ... nations (Craige 5). To simplify this books main idea is to say that there is an underlying battle going on between not necessarily the nations to be the best, but inside the individuals, most of whom have tribalistic instincts. It is hard to do things and participate in things that you don't feel accustomed to which drives us into the conclusion of this paper. Those who want to succeed in today's global society, yes, have to have a global mindset, but it is much bigger than that. One must excel in what he or she does and give one hundred and ten percent effort all of the time. Of course, some people get lucky and get jobs handed to them, but for the vast majority of us it is a race. One race to the end of the path that we decide to take. Not everyone wins that race, and maybe that is not important. In today's globalizing society it is hard to feel like you are even part of the race. You may feel like you are doing well and then someone runs right past you and you don't even know what happened. We can't control the rate at which the global society is growing at and we wish we could say that everything and everyone will turn out a winner or at least happy. Yet this is untrue. Evolution Of Technology Essay -- essays research papers Primitive men cleaved their universe into friends and enemies and responded with quick, deep emotion to even the mildest threats emanating from outside the arbitrary boundary. With the rise of chiefdoms and states, this tendency became institutionalized, war was adopted as an instrument of policy of some of the new societies, and those that employed it best became - tragically - the most successful. The evolution of warfare was an autocatalytic reaction that could not be halted by any people, because to attempt to reverse the process unilaterally was to fall victim. -E.O. Wilson, On Human Nature As every day passes we are become more and more a globalized society. With this ongoing cycle we come across a vast multitude of impasses. One of the main ideas leading toward this "global paradox" is the concept of global mindset. In this paper we will discuss all of the aspects of the global mindset: what it is, how it helps people live productively and successfully in the globalizing society, and how to develop an effective global mindset. Having a global mindset is a crucial competence of most businesses futures. What crucial competence means is the most sought after characteristic. Any level of manger that does not act with a global strategy will be left in the dust in today's globalizing markets. So what is a global mindset? Before we discuss what a global mindset is we must look at the reasons why we need a global mindset, so we can get a clearer picture of what we actually need. The world is becoming more interconnected and there have been recent changes in the world political systems. Incidents such as the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union; as well as revolutionary advances in communication technology. The implications for higher education in this changing world scene are significant as the new global workplace, driven by the up and coming information technology (IT) area, has made communication in daily life increasingly multinational and multicultural (Kim 617). Informal education is also a way to start. By this we mean that you don't have to go to formal classes to learn. Just by paying attention to people from other cultures in every day life we can enlarge our global mindset. In a class offered at the University of Rhode Island, BUS/COM 354, International Business Communication Exchange, students work in teams a... ... nations (Craige 5). To simplify this books main idea is to say that there is an underlying battle going on between not necessarily the nations to be the best, but inside the individuals, most of whom have tribalistic instincts. It is hard to do things and participate in things that you don't feel accustomed to which drives us into the conclusion of this paper. Those who want to succeed in today's global society, yes, have to have a global mindset, but it is much bigger than that. One must excel in what he or she does and give one hundred and ten percent effort all of the time. Of course, some people get lucky and get jobs handed to them, but for the vast majority of us it is a race. One race to the end of the path that we decide to take. Not everyone wins that race, and maybe that is not important. In today's globalizing society it is hard to feel like you are even part of the race. You may feel like you are doing well and then someone runs right past you and you don't even know what happened. We can't control the rate at which the global society is growing at and we wish we could say that everything and everyone will turn out a winner or at least happy. Yet this is untrue.